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来源:互联网2023-03-25 09:07:36


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一、题文

For students chasing lasting wealth, the best choice of a college major is less obvious than you might think. The conventional wisdom is that computer science and engineering majors have better employment(1) ______ and higher earnings than their peers who choose liberal arts. This is true for the first job, but the long-term story is more(2) ______ . The advantage for STEM(science, technology, engineering and mathematics)majors(3) ______ steadily after their first jobs, and by age 40, the earnings of people who majored in fields like social science or history have reached the same level. This happens for two reasons. First,many of the latest technical skills that are in high(4) ______ today become out-dated when technology progresses. Older workers must learn these new skills on the fly,(5) ______ younger workers may have learned them in school. Skill undesirability and the increased(6) ______ from younger graduates work together to lower the earnings advantage for STEM degree-holders as they age. Second, although liberal arts majors start low, they(7) ______ catch up to their peers in STEM fields. This is by design. A liberal arts education(8) ______ valuable "soft skills" like problem-solving, critical thinking and adaptability. Such skills are hard to quantify, and they don"t create clear(9) ______ to high-paying first jobs. But they have(10) ______ in a wide variety of careers in the long run. According to the Census Bureau"s American Community Survey, computer science and engineering majors between the ages of 23 and 25 earned 37% higher than the average starting salary of those majoring in history or social sciences.(11) ______ ,the average salary of those majoring in computer science or engineering by age 40 was $111,870, and social science and history majors earned $131,154,an average that is(12) ______ in part, by high-paying jobs in management, business and law. Why did that happen? According to a 2018 survey, the three(13) ______ of college graduates that employers considered most important were written communication, problem-solving and the ability to work in a team. In the liberal arts tradition,these skills are built through the(14) ______ between instructors and students, and through close reading and analysis of a broad range of subjects and texts. I"m not suggesting that students should avoid majoring in STEM fields,but I do think we should be careful of the urge to make college curricula ever more(15) ______ and career-focused. A four-year college degree should prepare students for the next 40 years of working life, and for a future that none of us can imagine. A.perspectivesB.processesC.performancesD.prospectsA.complicatedB.uniqueC.interestingD.believableA.sharpensB.dominatesC.fadesD.worsensA.spiritB.favourC.esteemD.demandA.otherwiseB.whileC.sinceD.thereforeA.concernB.cautionC.competitionD.cooperationA.dramaticallyB.graduallyC.rapidlyD.obviouslyA.fostersB.admiresC.describesD.weakensA.exitsB.shortcutsC.alternativesD.pathwaysA.shortageB.hardshipC.valueD.wisdomA.StillB.HoweverC.BesidesD.InsteadA.calculatedB.stressedC.comparedD.liftedA.qualitiesB.elementsC.charactersD.majorsA.argumentB.relationshipC.dialogueD.gapA.technicalB.liberalC.intellectualD.classical

二、解答

(1)D.考查名词及语境理解。A. perspectives看法;B. processes过程;C. performances表现;D. prospects前景。句意:人们普遍认为,计算机科学与工程专业的学生比文科专业的学生有更好的就业前景和更高的收入。根据后文"higher earnings than their peers who choose liberal arts"可推知,人们普遍认为计算机科学与工程专业的学生比文科专业的学生有更好的就业前景和更高的收入。故选D.(2)A.考查形容词及语境理解。A. complicated复杂的;B. unique独特的;C. interesting有趣的;D. believable可信的。句意:对于第一份工作来说,情况确实如此,但从长远来看,情况要复杂得多。根据上文"This is true for the first job, but the long-term story is more"以及后文的分析,可推知,对于第一份工作来说,确实是计算机科学与工程专业的学生比文科专业的学生收入更高,但是长远来看情况就复杂得多了。故选A.(3)C.考查动词及语境理解。A. sharpens锐化;B. dominates支配;C. fades减退,褪色;D. worsens恶化。句意:STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)专业的毕业生在第一份工作之后,优势逐渐消退,到40岁时,主修社会科学或历史等领域的毕业生的收入已经达到了同样的水平。根据后文"by age 40, the earnings of people who majored in fields like social science or history have reached the same level"可推知,STEM专业的毕业生在第一份工作之后,优势逐渐消退了。故选C.(4)D.考查名词及语境理解。A. spirit精神;B. favour赞同;C. esteem尊重;D. demand要求。句意:首先,随着技术的进步,许多当今高需求的最新技术技能已经过时了。结合常识和后文的"become out-dated when technology progresses"可知,此处是指当今高需求的最新技术技能已经过时。故选D.(5)B.考查副词及语境理解。A. otherwise否则;B. while然而;C. since既然;D. therefore因此。句意:年长的工人必须快速学习这些新技能,而年轻的工人可能是在学校里学习的。此处表示前后的对比,连接并列句应用while。故选B。(6)C.考查名词及语境理解。A. concern关心;B. caution谨慎;C. competition竞争;D. cooperation合作。句意:技能的不受欢迎,以及来自年轻毕业生的竞争加剧,共同降低了STEM学位持有者随着年龄增长的收入优势。结合常识可知,刚毕业的学生带着最新的科技知识进入工作岗位,和年长的工人之间形成了竞争。故选C.(7)B.考查副词及语境理解。A. dramatically显著地;B. gradually逐渐地;C. rapidly快速地;D. obviously明显地。句意:其次,尽管文科专业的学生起步较低,但他们逐渐赶上了STEM领域的同龄人。结合上文的"by age 40, the earnings of people who majored in fields like social science or history have reached the same level."可知,文科生用了很多年才赶上STEM领域的同龄人,由此可知,这是一个逐渐的过程。故选B.(8)A.考查动词及语境理解。A. fosters培养;B. admires欣赏;C. describes描述;D. weakens削弱。句意:文科教育培养宝贵的"软技能",如解决问题、批判性思维和适应能力。根据后文"valuable "soft skills" like problem-solving, critical thinking and adaptability"可知,此处是指指培养"软技能",应用foster.故选A.(9)D.考查名词及语境理解。A. exits存在;B. shortcuts捷径;C. alternatives选择;D. pathways路径,小路。句意:这样的技能很难量化,而且它们并不能创造出通往高薪第一份工作的清晰路径。根据后文"to high-paying first jobs"以及上文的分析,可知文科生所具备的"软技能"很难量化,所以并不能创造出通往高薪第一份工作的清晰路径。故选D.(10)C.考查名词及语境理解。A. shortage缺乏;B. hardship困难;C. value价值;D. wisdom智慧。句意:但从长远来看,它们在各种各样的职业中都有价值。对应上文中valuable "soft skills",指这些技能在各种职业中都有价值。故选C.(11)B.考查副词及语境理解。A. Still仍然;B. However然而;C. Besides此外;D. Instead相反。句意:然而,计算机科学或工程专业的人到40岁的平均年薪为111870美元,社会科学和历史专业毕业生的平均年薪为131154美元,这一平均水平部分被管理、商业和法律领域的高薪工作所提升。根据前后文语境,可知为转折关系,应用however.故选B.(12)D.考查动词及语境理解。A. calculated计算;B. stressed强调;C. compared比较;D. lifted提升,举起。句意:然而,计算机科学或工程专业的人到40岁的平均年薪为111870美元,社会科学和历史专业毕业生的平均年薪为131154美元,这一平均水平部分被管理、商业和法律领域的高薪工作所提升。根据后文"by high-paying jobs in management, business and law"可知社会科学和历史专业毕业生的平均年薪得益于管理、商业和法律领域的高薪工作的提升。故选D.(13)A.考查名词及语境理解。A. qualities素质,质量;B. elements基础;C. characters特性;D. majors专业。句意:根据2018年的一项调查,雇主认为大学毕业生最重要的三项素质是书面沟通能力、解决问题的能力和团队合作能力。结合后文"written communication, problem-solving and the ability to work in a team"可知,此处指大学毕业生最重要的三项素质。故选A.(14)C.考查名词及语境理解。A. argument争论;B. relationship关系;C. dialogue对话;D. gap缺口。句意:在文科传统中,这些技能是通过教师和学生之间的对话、通过对广泛的科目和文本的仔细阅读和分析而建立起来的。结合常识和后文"between instructors and students"可推知,在文科教学中这些技能是通过师生之间的对话建立起来的。故选C.(15)A.考查形容词及语境理解。A. technical技术的;B. liberal自由的;C. intellectual聪明的;D. classical经典的。句意:我并不是说学生应该避免主修STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)领域,但我确实认为,我们应该谨慎对待让大学课程变得更加技术化和以职业为中心的冲动。根据上文的"I"m not suggesting that students should avoid majoring in STEM fields"和下文的"A four-year college degree should prepare students for the next 40 years of working life, and for a future that none of us can imagine."可知,作者认为大学教育要着眼学生往后40年的工作和生活,所以应该慎重选择让大学课程变得更加技术化和以职业为中心。故选A.这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对于第一份工作来说,计算机科学与工程专业的学生确实比文科专业的学生有更好的就业前景和更高的收入,但从长远来看,理工科专业的毕业生在第一份工作之后,优势逐渐消退,到40岁时,主修社会科学或历史等领域的毕业生的收入已经达到了同样的水平。文章分析了这一现象背后的原因,以及文科毕业生之所有具备重要"软技能"的原因。完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时,要先通读全文,掌握大意,然后结合选项,仔细阅读文章,选择最适合语境的词,注意上下文的呼应及语境。

三、分析

(1)D.考查名词及语境理解。A. perspectives看法;B. processes过程;C. performances表现;D. prospects前景。句意:人们普遍认为,计算机科学与工程专业的学生比文科专业的学生有更好的就业前景和更高的收入。根据后文"higher earnings than their peers who choose liberal arts"可推知,人们普遍认为计算机科学与工程专业的学生比文科专业的学生有更好的就业前景和更高的收入。故选D.(2)A.考查形容词及语境理解。A. complicated复杂的;B. unique独特的;C. interesting有趣的;D. believable可信的。句意:对于第一份工作来说,情况确实如此,但从长远来看,情况要复杂得多。根据上文"This is true for the first job, but the long-term story is more"以及后文的分析,可推知,对于第一份工作来说,确实是计算机科学与工程专业的学生比文科专业的学生收入更高,但是长远来看情况就复杂得多了。故选A.(3)C.考查动词及语境理解。A. sharpens锐化;B. dominates支配;C. fades减退,褪色;D. worsens恶化。句意:STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)专业的毕业生在第一份工作之后,优势逐渐消退,到40岁时,主修社会科学或历史等领域的毕业生的收入已经达到了同样的水平。根据后文"by age 40, the earnings of people who majored in fields like social science or history have reached the same level"可推知,STEM专业的毕业生在第一份工作之后,优势逐渐消退了。故选C.(4)D.考查名词及语境理解。A. spirit精神;B. favour赞同;C. esteem尊重;D. demand要求。句意:首先,随着技术的进步,许多当今高需求的最新技术技能已经过时了。结合常识和后文的"become out-dated when technology progresses"可知,此处是指当今高需求的最新技术技能已经过时。故选D.(5)B.考查副词及语境理解。A. otherwise否则;B. while然而;C. since既然;D. therefore因此。句意:年长的工人必须快速学习这些新技能,而年轻的工人可能是在学校里学习的。此处表示前后的对比,连接并列句应用while。故选B。(6)C.考查名词及语境理解。A. concern关心;B. caution谨慎;C. competition竞争;D. cooperation合作。句意:技能的不受欢迎,以及来自年轻毕业生的竞争加剧,共同降低了STEM学位持有者随着年龄增长的收入优势。结合常识可知,刚毕业的学生带着最新的科技知识进入工作岗位,和年长的工人之间形成了竞争。故选C.(7)B.考查副词及语境理解。A. dramatically显著地;B. gradually逐渐地;C. rapidly快速地;D. obviously明显地。句意:其次,尽管文科专业的学生起步较低,但他们逐渐赶上了STEM领域的同龄人。结合上文的"by age 40, the earnings of people who majored in fields like social science or history have reached the same level."可知,文科生用了很多年才赶上STEM领域的同龄人,由此可知,这是一个逐渐的过程。故选B.(8)A.考查动词及语境理解。A. fosters培养;B. admires欣赏;C. describes描述;D. weakens削弱。句意:文科教育培养宝贵的"软技能",如解决问题、批判性思维和适应能力。根据后文"valuable "soft skills" like problem-solving, critical thinking and adaptability"可知,此处是指指培养"软技能",应用foster.故选A.(9)D.考查名词及语境理解。A. exits存在;B. shortcuts捷径;C. alternatives选择;D. pathways路径,小路。句意:这样的技能很难量化,而且它们并不能创造出通往高薪第一份工作的清晰路径。根据后文"to high-paying first jobs"以及上文的分析,可知文科生所具备的"软技能"很难量化,所以并不能创造出通往高薪第一份工作的清晰路径。故选D.(10)C.考查名词及语境理解。A. shortage缺乏;B. hardship困难;C. value价值;D. wisdom智慧。句意:但从长远来看,它们在各种各样的职业中都有价值。对应上文中valuable "soft skills",指这些技能在各种职业中都有价值。故选C.(11)B.考查副词及语境理解。A. Still仍然;B. However然而;C. Besides此外;D. Instead相反。句意:然而,计算机科学或工程专业的人到40岁的平均年薪为111870美元,社会科学和历史专业毕业生的平均年薪为131154美元,这一平均水平部分被管理、商业和法律领域的高薪工作所提升。根据前后文语境,可知为转折关系,应用however.故选B.(12)D.考查动词及语境理解。A. calculated计算;B. stressed强调;C. compared比较;D. lifted提升,举起。句意:然而,计算机科学或工程专业的人到40岁的平均年薪为111870美元,社会科学和历史专业毕业生的平均年薪为131154美元,这一平均水平部分被管理、商业和法律领域的高薪工作所提升。根据后文"by high-paying jobs in management, business and law"可知社会科学和历史专业毕业生的平均年薪得益于管理、商业和法律领域的高薪工作的提升。故选D.(13)A.考查名词及语境理解。A. qualities素质,质量;B. elements基础;C. characters特性;D. majors专业。句意:根据2018年的一项调查,雇主认为大学毕业生最重要的三项素质是书面沟通能力、解决问题的能力和团队合作能力。结合后文"written communication, problem-solving and the ability to work in a team"可知,此处指大学毕业生最重要的三项素质。故选A.(14)C.考查名词及语境理解。A. argument争论;B. relationship关系;C. dialogue对话;D. gap缺口。句意:在文科传统中,这些技能是通过教师和学生之间的对话、通过对广泛的科目和文本的仔细阅读和分析而建立起来的。结合常识和后文"between instructors and students"可推知,在文科教学中这些技能是通过师生之间的对话建立起来的。故选C.(15)A.考查形容词及语境理解。A. technical技术的;B. liberal自由的;C. intellectual聪明的;D. classical经典的。句意:我并不是说学生应该避免主修STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)领域,但我确实认为,我们应该谨慎对待让大学课程变得更加技术化和以职业为中心的冲动。根据上文的"I"m not suggesting that students should avoid majoring in STEM fields"和下文的"A four-year college degree should prepare students for the next 40 years of working life, and for a future that none of us can imagine."可知,作者认为大学教育要着眼学生往后40年的工作和生活,所以应该慎重选择让大学课程变得更加技术化和以职业为中心。故选A.这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对于第一份工作来说,计算机科学与工程专业的学生确实比文科专业的学生有更好的就业前景和更高的收入,但从长远来看,理工科专业的毕业生在第一份工作之后,优势逐渐消退,到40岁时,主修社会科学或历史等领域的毕业生的收入已经达到了同样的水平。文章分析了这一现象背后的原因,以及文科毕业生之所有具备重要"软技能"的原因。完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时,要先通读全文,掌握大意,然后结合选项,仔细阅读文章,选择最适合语境的词,注意上下文的呼应及语境。

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